The Company of the Daughters of Charity of Saint Vincent de Paul (Latin: Societas Filiarum Caritatis a Sancto Vincentio de Paulo; abbreviated DC), commonly called the Daughters of Charity or Sisters of Charity of Saint Vincent De Paul, is a Society of Apostolic Life for women within the Catholic Church. . Mary Elizabeth Cullen, Angele Hinkey, Jean Maher and Mary Kay Tyrell will be the last Daughters of Charity in the Lake Drive residence. After all, the cornette was only part of the common outfit worn by ordinary women in St. Vincents times, by young country women particularly. In Angers, revolutionary authorities decided to make an example of sisters Marie-Anne Vaillot and Odile Baumgarten in order to demonstrate what refusal to take the oath would mean. Vincent de Paul insisted by the Sisters' clothing be uniform everywhere, and he addressed the subject often in his letters and in his conferences to the Sisters. Precipitating the future growth of that street as a commercial thoroughfare, the sisters put up a series of shops in front of the building and used the rent money for convent operations. It's easy! "Sisters of Charity of St. Vincent de Paul." The six sisters had refused to take the revolutionary oath. Bless you for sharing the history of the winged blue line to borrow a West Point analogy. The garb of the Daughters of Charity was that of a peasant girl of 1633. Gone was the long blue/gray habit, the large chaplet of rosary beads and the internationally recognizes cornette. Apr 19, 2017 - Explore Gayle Nizzo's board "coronette" on Pinterest. Thank you for the information! In it, he warns the Sisters that disunity within the Company of the Daughters of Charity will breed envy, and that envy will ultimately tear down the community: the opposite of charity is envy. You the priests and the religious are in our prayers and daily Masses. However, during Vincent and Louises time, the wearing of the cornette was not a universal practice. Seton Harvest is a community-supported agriculture initiative sponsored by the Daughters of Charity Province of St. Louise. Sister Valentine did serve during the Civil War, so I checked our transcribed Civil War Annals. "Scottish inquiry: Children endured abuse at sister-run orphanages". note 3. Photographer: CRISTINA CABRERA JARRO| FC There was a second foundation in Spain, in the time ofJean-Baptiste Etienne, CM, superior general.. has different styles of cornette. Anyway, gradually these sisters gave up the use of the cornette, wearing it at first only in the house, with a mantilla outside; then giving it up altogether, by 1827. The bottom photo shows Mother Clementine Mazin, the Superioress General of the Daughters of Charity at the time of the American union with France. CCD: v.2, p.206. The motherhouse of the Daughters of Charity is located at 140 rue du Bac, in Paris, France. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1908, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Daughters_of_Charity_of_Saint_Vincent_de_Paul&oldid=1141398359, Centralized Religious Institute of Consecrated Life of Pontifical Right (for Women), Servant of God Maria Josefa Brandis (Leopoldina) (1815-1900), Servant of God Teresa Borgarino (Gabriela) (1880-1947), Servant of God Teresa Tambelli (1884-1964), Servant of God Francisca Benicia Oliveira (Clemncia) (1896-1966), Servant of God Justa Dominguez de Vidauretta Idoy, Servant of God Barbara Samulowska (Stanislawa), Marie-Anne Pavillon (Eugenie) and 6 Companions, Martha M. Libster & Sister Betty Ann McNeil. Other groups of Daughters were sent to Spanish-speaking countries, e.g., Mexico, but they were sent from France, although many of them were probably Spanish by nationality. (LogOut/ [3] She was beatified Sunday, 19 June 2011 in Dax, France. i also have a wonderful oil painting of louise de marillac , but it looks much older than the one shown here . The cornette was retained however as a distinctive piece of clothing into modern times by the Roman Catholic society of apostolic life of the Daughters of Charity, founded by St. Vincent de Paul. Glad youre enjoying them! Spiritual Writings, p.583 When we consider that in 1964 the worldwide community of the Daughters of Charity numbered 45,000 Sisters in sixty provinces spread out over 5 continents, it is not difficult to see why. Since 20 April 2020, its Superior General is Franoise Petit. [note 2]. Check out the resources other discerners have found helpful: Resources . [10] The community in Emmitsburg became the first American province of the Daughters of Charity. on cloud waterproof women's black; finder journal springer; mickey lolich health. The object of this Circular is to inform you that Father Jolly, our Most Honoured Father, having been informed that many of our Sisters were under the necessity of wearing the cornette, on account of the inconveniences they experience from the great cold in winter and the heat in summer, in serving the sick, which often obliged them to wear it for a time, thus causing a dissimilarity, some being able to do without it , and others not; all this having been considered, with the opinions of many persons of piety who found fault with the want of modesty of our head-dress, [Father Jolly] has permitted all to wear it on condition that it shall not be of finer quality than our other linen, for fear that what is allowed through necessity, may become an occasion of vanity., The guiding principle behind such a decision was the service of the Poor. Were the DCs buried wearing thecornette? [2], The institute was founded by Vincent de Paul, a French priest, and Louise de Marillac, a widow. [15], Marillac St. Vincent Family Services in Chicago is a social service agency offering accredited early childhood education, programs for youth, comprehensive services to isolated seniors, access to food, and outreach to adults and families. Louise shared the letter with Vincent. This website uses cookies to improve your experience. According to DC archives The history of the Daughters of Charity cornette habit is one of our most popular research topics. 9). (LogOut/ But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. In the 1960s, one Pope was quoted as saying that the Daughters of Charity cornette was an international symbol of Charity, even as the cross is the international symbol of Faith (note 1). H Christine Heydon Audrey Hepburn Photos Audrey Hepburn Style Aubrey Hepburn The Nun's Story Belgian Congo Roman Holiday Still Photography Fred Astaire Paramount Pictures Audrey Hepburn photographed while filming "Funny Face", Paris, 1956 X Notes 1914) and St. Vincent de Paul Center (est. Change). Their feast day is 26 June.[3]. The reforms of Vatican II in the 1960s brought dramatic changes to every aspect of the community life of the Daughters of Charity. She is venerated as a saint by the Catholic Church and the Episcopal Church in the United States of America . To this day, I am stopped in my tracks when I see any depiction of the wings and marvel at how those women worked so hard with that perched upon their heads but also at how instantly the sight meant that you were in the presence of very special women. As the reality of the sisters lives changed, so did the habit. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. Vincent addressed this in his conference of June 6, 1656, Here, in the words of Our Lord, is another reason for not having any attachment: Where your treasure is, there is your heart. Rather the Daughters would serve the poor by going into homes, into hospitals, into the streets, and into parishes. [2] The founder wanted to have the sisters of this new type of religious congregation of women, that tended to the sick and poor, and were not required to remain in their cloister, resemble ordinary middle-class women as much as possible in their clothing, including the wearing of the cornette. Vincent de Paul, Letter #2160, To Sister Marguerite Chetif, Sister Servant, in Arras, October 21, 1656. The National Shrine of Saint Elizabeth Ann Seton welcomes visitors of all backgrounds to discover the life and legacy of Elizabeth Ann Seton as a source of inspiration and encouragement for all people. That was provided by local authorities. June 6, 1656. Vincent de Paul remedied this by referring interested young women from the countryside to work with the "Ladies of Charity" in Paris. Sisters are buried wearing the habit with or without the coife according to their wish. She asked an international expert about Vincentian Family and this is what she found out: I'm not quite that far in my researches, but here is what I know. The dress was black. These cookies do not store any personal information. Pingback: Daughters of Charity - Then and Now | FAMVIN NewsFAMVIN News. I dont know what the accepted practice for Extreme Unction was during the Civil War, but Im sure the Sisters would not have overstepped their bounds administered sacraments they were not allowed to administer. Once they were inconspicuous on the streets of Paris, but by the mid-20th Century, you could pick them out at a convention of thousands of religious, so distinctive was their blue habit and white cornette. Today, we received a reference question concerning the cornette habit that we've never been asked before: When Sisters died, were they buried wearing the cornette? Powered by Invision Community, A DC Sister, who is also an archivistsent me an email with an answer to my questions on why the DC in. 500 East Chelten Avenue Philadelphia, PA 19144-5785, USA. (Images used with permission of the Daughters of Charity Provincial Archives). See more ideas about wimple, nuns habits, daughters of charity. St. Joseph Services uplifts the youth and adults of the Chicago neighborhoods most affected by violence and poverty through educational and supportive programming. The formal union came in November of 1850. See how we are living out the call of Laudato Si. [note 4]. Vincent de Paul, Conference #82: The Use of Things Placed at the Disposal of the Sisters (Common Rules, Art. Two Sisters of Charity who helped them to flourish were M. Francis McGuigan and M. Gertrude Davis, both born in Australia. It took until 1685, 25 years after the deaths of Vincent and Louise, for the cornette to become a standard part of the Daughters of Charity attire and, as we'll see in Part 3, the earliest cornette did not have wings. I ask the Holy Spirit, union of the Father and the Son, to grant you this grace. [note 2]. graciandelamadrededios, She no longer needed to clip her headpiece up to fit into the front seat of my fathers car! A particular Sor Maria was accused and indicted but never fully judged or found guilty due to old age. (LogOut/ Get this Hattiesburg American page for free from Monday, November 22, 1971 accreditation i' JACKSON, Miss. While the Daughters were not nuns, Vincent advises the Sisters to, admire the guidance of Providence, which has established this holy custom among you that you do not purchase your own clothes or have any different from the others; for you cant imagine the envy thats caused when a Sister is seen dressed differently from the others Thats why you must thank God, the Author of all your Rules and of this one in particular, which obliges you to have nothing for your own use but what the Superioress, or the Siter whose duty it is to make provision for poverty, gives you. Difficulties in acquiring material, along with the time required to make habits for all the American Sisters, meant that the change from the black cap to the cornette was a gradual one. Watch. note 2. And, may we ask you likewise to remember us in yours. We've earned distinction from several entities and made several service improvements. (Golden Apple Publications, 2009), This page was last edited on 24 February 2023, at 21:41. Widows. CCD v.10, p.240 June 6, 1656. In the United States, the Daughters of Charity wore wide, white cornettes for 114 years, from 1850 to 1964. So, according to that, your dress or the shoes to which your heart is attached is your treasure. The Company of the Daughters of Charity of Saint Vincent de Paul (Latin language: Societas Filiarum Caritatis a S. Vincentio de Paulo ), called in English the Daughters of Charity or Sisters of Charity of Saint Vincent De Paul is a Society of Apostolic Life for women within the Catholic Church. But that wasnt enough for one of her friends who smuggled bottles of Coke to the kids, gliding out of their residence, apparently without even a clink of the many bottles that she then produced one at a time from within the voluminous serge skirt. Join us for a Nun Run, one of the Daughters of Charity discernment retreats, or another discernment opportunity to help you find your calling. One of her companions, Mother Etienne Hall, kept a detailed diary of the trip, and the diary contains no references to any of the Sisters administering the sacrament of Extreme Unction. But what is often forgotten is that the cornette represents the innovation that St. Vincents and St. Louises inventiveness gave rise to, a new way of living out consecrated life without a religious habit. On 29 November 1633, the eve of St. Andrew, de Marillac began a more systematic training of the women, particularly for the care of the sick. note 4. Until the mid-twentieth century, these apparitions grew in significance and were the medium for the transmission of increasingly apocalyptic messages. In 1816, the pope approved some rules that had been drawn up for the Daughters by a bishop, "Patriarch of the West Indies," but who actually lived in. Rather they must continuously go to seek out the sick poor, in various places, in any kind of weather and at predetermined times. [note 2]. Most Honored Mother, we both assure you, with all possible sincerity and earnestness, that, whatever the final decision may be, you can count on us and on every Sister in our Provinces to accept the decision whole-heartedly, unreservedly, and promptly. Some Spanish sisters, therefore, continued with the black despite the general turn toward blue-grey. June 24, 1654. In 1809, Elizabeth Ann Seton, assisted by the French migr community of Sulpicians, founded in Emmitsburg, Maryland, the Sisters of Charity of St. Joseph's, named after . The Daughters of Charity Cornette Part3, The Daughters of Charity Cornette Part2, http://dcarchives.wordpress.com/category/habit/. The American Sisters of Charity was founded by Blessed Elizabeth Ann Seton in 1809. Today. "Martyred Daughters of Charity", Vincentian Online Library", "CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Sisters of Charity of St. Vincent de Paul", "Charism Alive", Daughters of Charity of St. Vincent de Paul West Central Province, "A Short History of the Sisters of Charity, Emmitsburg Area Historical society", "Who We Are", Daughters of Charity, Province of St. Louise, "Marillac Social Center and St. Vincent de Paul Center, 2003-Today", "Obras de Asistencia Social y Parroquial", "St. Ann's Infant and Maternity Home website - Mission", "Child abuse inquiry to focus on Catholic Church homes", "Nuns arrested over Smyllum abuse claims", "SCOTTISH CHILD ABUSE INQUIRY RESPONSE TO SECTION 21 NOTICE PART A ESTABLISHMENT: SMYLLUM PARK SCHOOL, LANARK", "Smyllum's Children: Lanarkshire kids' home scandal revealed as hundreds of orphans laid to rest by nuns in mass grave", "Case Study no. Copyright A.D. 33. 2,190 followers. note 1. [28][29] Lawyers representing the Daughters of Charity of St Vincent de Paul at the Scottish Child Abuse inquiry officially apologised to people who had been abused as children in the care of the Charity. 1,306 posts. Tradues em contexto de "Religious habits" en ingls-portugus da Reverso Context : 100:1.8 Religious habits of thinking and acting are contributory to the economy of spiritual growth. These were the "French" Sisters, with the full French habit, blue-grey with the cornette of the day (as happened in Emmitsburg, I presume.) Learn how we're working to create a more just world for all. Sisters Marie-Madeleine Fontaine, Marie-Franoise Lanel, Thrse Fantou, and Jeanne Grard from the House of Charity in Arras were guillotined in Cambrai 26 June 1794. The series focuses on Sister Bertrille, a young, idealistic novice nun who discovers she can fly, whose order teaches largely underprivileged and orphaned children and assists the poor of a diverse Hispanic community (a rare setting for American network TV in the era). The best answer I can give is that I cannot confirm or deny that she ever administered the sacrament of Extreme Unction. In early 1794 they were publicly executed. Vincent de Paul, also writing in 1658, specified that young women wishing to become a Daughter, that Daughters of Charity needed to understand very clearly the following things: (1) that your Company is not a religious Order, nor your house a hospital from which they must not budge, but rather a Society of Sisters who come and go constantly to various places and at definite times for the assistance of the sick poor, regardless of the weather; Vincent de Paul insisted by the Sisters clothing be uniform everywhere, and he addressed the subject often in his letters and in his conferences to the Sisters. Your email address will not be published. Our New Habit. Over time and added starch, the cornette went from being more of a veiled piece of fabric to what was often referred to as wings.. Drawing on archival research and personal interviews with nuns all over the United Daughters of Charity Province of St. Louise. The order was restored in 1801, many former sisters returned, and it grew very rapidly throughout the 19th century. (LogOut/ Mother Seton died in 1821; the community in Emmitsburg joined with the French Daughters of Charity in 1850. This is an excellent article, Carole! Sr. Catherine Sullivan, Swan Song. Does the difference of their habits from the ordinary dress of the people where they live, or the shame of wearing such coarse fabric, or of going barefoot, as they do, cause them to change what they wear? One concern of Vincents was the potential for a lack of unity within the Company. They have been popularly known in France as "the Grey Sisters" from the color of their traditional religious habit, which was originally grey, then bluish grey. It took five years of study and consultation to arrive at the final design for the new habit. The administration of Extreme Unction is a problem that is now arisen because of the shortage of priest who say that , since the sacrament involves the forgiveness of sins, ONLY priests may administer it!! Mary Elizabeth Cullen, Angele Hinkey, Jean Maher and Mary Kay Tyrell will be the last Daughters of Charity in the Lake Drive residence. He did not specify anything about the habit, however. Vincentian Service Corps. In July 2011 the Daughters of Charity merged four of the five existing U.S. provinces Emmitsburg, Maryland; Albany, New York; St. Louis, Missouri; and Evansville, Indiana. She asked an international expert about Vincentian Family and this is what she found out: 1. [5], The Convent of Saint Vincent de Paul was the first building established on Mamilla Street in Jerusalem, near Jaffa Gate, in 1886. Ms. Lyons Thank you for the nice comments about the Daughters and the blog. However, St. Louise de Marillac, the Community's co-founder, did not wear it. For thats what envy does. Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in: You are commenting using your WordPress.com account. Vincent devotes his conference of June 24, 1654 to the subject of envy. I never even thought to ask her what it felt like! In Part 4, we will discuss the union of the community founded by St. Elizabeth Ann Seton with the Daughters of Charity in 1850, and the change from Mother Setons black cap to the Daughters of Charitys cornette. By 1850 the American province had spread far beyond Emmitsburg, with Sisters as far north as upstate New York, as far south as New Orleans and Mobile, and as far west as St. Louis and Detroit. In Mexico, our Habit is the only one authorized; its change will create some difficult problems Prudence demanded consultations, interchange of opinions and a long time for ideas to mature and for minds to prepare. [note 3]. 3. 4. CCD v.10 p.139. In 1656 a Sister wrote to Louise asking to wear a serge headdress, which was a local custom. The sisters lived in the community in order to better develop their spiritual life so as to more effectively carry out their mission of service. By the way, the book NURSING THE FINEST ART is a book that you should have very helpful for researchers but hope it is truthful!!!!!!!! Note 4. Vincent de Paul insisted on complete uniformity in how the Sisters dressed. Labour was the Daughter of Charity to whom, in 1830, the Blessed Virgin Mary is said to have appeared, commissioning her to spread devotion to the Medal of Mary Immaculate, commonly called the Miraculous Medal. Vincent devotes his conference of June 24, 1654 to the subject of envy. note 1. They operated 23 orphanages; 7 industrial schools; 24 public elementary schools; 1 normal school to train teachers; 3 homes for working girls or women ex-convicts; and 8 hospitals. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. Among the latter were 250 Catholic nurses, most of them from the Daughters of Charity of St. Vincent de Paul. A Vincentian reading of the Sunday readings, Central Association of the Miraculous Medal. "Daughters of Charity of Saint Vincent de Paul", Company of the Daughters of Charity of Saint Vincent de Paul, International website of the Daughters of Charity, Randolph, Bartholomew. Vincent de Paul insisted by the Sisters clothing be uniform everywhere, and he addressed the subject often in his letters and in his conferences to the Sisters. "The history of the Daughters of Charity cornette habit is one of our most popular research topics. The traditional habit of the Daughters of Charity was one of the most conspicuous of Catholic Sisters, as it included a large starched cornette on the head. Current Daughters Srs. note 4. Daughters of Charity U.S. religious habit supply religious habit supply. Letter #827, July 25, 1646. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. The staff otherwise consisted of members of the Ustae Youth and female Ustae. By then, other communities had been established elsewhere in the United States. but we have our attire! Vincent de Paul to the Sister Servant, in Saint-Fargeau. The archives of the Daughters of Charity is closed at present and they get so many requests they are unlikely to respond. The remains of de Marillac and those of St. Catherine Labour lie preserved in the chapel of the motherhouse. christopher anderson obituary illinois; bammel middle school football schedule CCD v.6, p.129 The cornette did exist in Louise's time. A check with some of the Sisters gave us the answer. But for the general public, no change was as visible or as dramatic was the change in habit. The institute adopted a more simple modern dress and blue veil on 20 September 1964. On 9 April 1794 Sister Marguerite Rutan was condemned to death and guillotined at Poyanne Place not far from the prison. The reasons for this insistence on uniformity will be the subject of Part 2. We dedicate our lives to caring for the abandoned, sick, most deprived, and those most in need. The cornette was worn just as it was worn in life, but, in order to allow the casket to close, the cornette would be moved downward slightly so that it covered more of the Sisters face. By the end of the 19th century, the cornette had taken on the appearance that has become familiar to many. Therefore, dear Sisters, I can neither tell you when the change will take place, nor what it will be . In its origin, it actually reflected the peasant dress of 17 th century France. [8] At first it was used only in the country, being in fact the headdress of the Ile de France district, but in 1685 its use became general. 4. 2. One was the geographic reach of the province. Required fields are marked *. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. The Daughters of Charity Cornette - Part 4 (Images used with permission of the Daughters of Charity Provincial Archives) St. Elizabeth Ann Seton Mother Clementine Mazin, Superioress of the Daughters of Charity at the time of the American union with France. Will take a look at the Pinterest page. I am sure she and her friends were obedient but their little group was sad and they said people wouldnt recognize them anymore. Sister Marguerite Rutan was the Superior of the community that staffed the hospital at Dax. [11], The SpanishAmerican War of 1898 quickly demonstrated the important need for trained nurses, as hastily constructed army camps for more than twenty-eight thousand members of the regular army were devastated by diarrhea, dysentery, typhoid fever, and malaria all of which took a much greater toll than did enemy gunfire. Though I was only 7, I vividly remember the change in habit. The Company of the Daughters of Charity of Saint Vincent de Paul(Latin: Societas Filiarum Caritatis a Sancto Vincentio de Paulo; abbreviated DC), commonly called the Daughters of Charityor Sisters of Charity of Saint Vincent De Paul, is a Society of Apostolic Lifefor women within the Catholic Church. Herbert A. Dyer Appointed President, Daughters of Charity Ministries, Inc. Daughters Participate in Catholic Social Ministry Gathering. I was educated by the Daughters of Charity from 1961-1965 at Seton High School in Endicott,New York.Every Fall we would wait in anticipation for the Sisters to return from their summer vacation and recess WHITE WINGS OF MERCY Notice of Publication July 23, 2015, The author,a formerDaughter of Charity, writes. The Cardinal seemed quite surprised by it in the midst of a baby boomer sea of Marys and Elizabeths!). Metairie, LA 70001 504-482-0084 Phone 504-483-6018 Fax Hours of Operation Monday-Thursday: 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. Predominantly told by pictures, paintings, and photographs, White Wings of Mercy takes the reader on a journey of faith, hope, and charity. We'll assume you're ok with this, but you can opt-out if you wish. The Daughters of Charity stopped wearing the cornette habit in 1964 but to this day, no aspect of Daughter of Charity history garners more interest than their traditional attire with its distinctive wide-winged headpiece. Spanish Origin Daughters of Charity with thin Black Veil. The United States government called for women to volunteer as nurses. We first saw her at a large gathering of Daughters in Philadelphia. The pho. note 2. Letter # 534, [1641]. The cornette, however, was not a standardized part of the Sisters attire until 1685. We often visited her where she was missioned and sometimes were able to stay in cottages on the grounds. In it, he warns the Sisters that disunity within the Company of the Daughters of Charity will breed envy, and that envy will ultimately tear down the community: the opposite of charity is envy. Both Sisters later served as Visitatrix of the American Province. During Mother Mathurine Guerins 21 years as Superioress General of the Daughters of Charity, the community saw a great increase in the number of Sisters, the opening of more than 100 houses, and the opening of a second Seminary in Normandy. [4] Louise de Marillac and Vincent de Paul both died in 1660, and by this time there were more than forty houses of the Daughters of Charity in France, and the sick poor were cared for in their own dwellings in twenty-six parishes in Paris. Appointment of Sister Kathleen Appler, D.C., continues legacy of Co-founder St. Louise de Marillac. Sign up for a new account in our community. Thats one of the reasons were doing this series of posts. Sisters administering Extreme Unction, did happen on a few occasions, and no doubt it happened out of necessity during the Civil War the Sisters found themselves in many situations where priests were not readily available. August 5, 1657. Sisters began driving more regularly, they were working as surgical nurses, and there was a desire to simplify the dress of the sisters. In 1792, the sisters were ordered to quit the motherhouse; the community was officially disbanded in 1793. At a ceremony in Rome on 19 February 1984 Pope John Paul II beatified ninety-nine persons who died for the faith in Angers, including Vaillot and Baumgarten. [note 2]. "[12], In 1910, the jurisdiction of Emmitsburg was divided into two Provinces with the Eastern Provincial House in Emmitsburg and the Western Provincial House in Normandy, Missouri, a suburb of St. It represents the past that many people would like to return to. Both Vincent de Paul and Louise de Marillac died in 1660. With the Second Ecumenical Council of the Vatican (Vatican II), the nun's habits were modernized to return to a clothing that better reflected their charitable role, working with the poor and infirm. Daughters of Charity Cornette Conclusion. On July 26, 1685, Mother Mathurine sent a circular letter to all the communitys houses which addressed the issue of clothing, in particular the wearing of the cornette by all Sisters. All programs are supported by trained staff and an extensive volunteer force.

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